The onset of the festive season didn’t bring the cheer India’s stock market investors had hoped for. They turned poorer by ₹11 trillion on record foreign investor outflows amid a sharp bounce back in Chinese stocks following recent fiscal and monetary stimulus measures, escalating tensions in West Asia, and expensive share valuations.
These factors coincided with the weekly Nifty expiry, which takes place every Thursday and tends to be volatile.
The benchmark Nifty and Sensex logged their biggest decline in two months of over 2% as foreign institutional investors sold a single- day record ₹15,243.27 crore worth of shares in the secondary market, per BSE data. Foreign investors also sold derivatives contracts worth ₹10,635 crore on Thursday, exacerbating the fall. Volatility could continue on persistent FII outflows in the short term.
Nifty tanked by 2.12% to 25,250.10 points and Sensex by 2.1% to 82497.10.
Domestic institutional investors (DIIs) purchased a provisional ₹12,913.96 crore on Thursday, per exchange data, but that wasn’t enough to stave off the market plunge as FIIs liquidated huge derivatives bullish bets and retail clients trading directly sold. Retail selling data wasn’t immediately available.
Investor nervousness was reflected by fear gauge India Vix surging 9.86% to close at 13.17, the biggest jump in two months. A rise in Vix implies greater uncertainty while a fall suggests confidence.
Rate-sensitive sectors were the biggest casualties of Thursday’s bloodbath, with Nifty Realty tumbling 4.36%, Nifty Auto falling 2.88%, and the Nifty Private Bank and Bank Nifty shedding 2.61% and 2%, respectively.
In terms of stocks, the biggest drags on bellwether Nifty were Reliance Industries Ltd, which lost 87.37 points, followed by HDFC Bank Ltd (-76.36), Larsen & Toubro Ltd (-38.8), Axis Bank Ltd (30.88), and ICICI Bank Ltd (-25.97). These five stocks alone contributed almost half of Nifty’s loss of 547 points.
While a large part of the investments by foreign portfolio and institutional investors (FPIs and FIIs) are long-term and stable, short-term flows, called hot money, can turn at the drop of a hat, said analysts.
“Part of the negative impact on flows in stocks and on an incremental basis is that of hot money getting diverted to China from India,” said Sanjeev Prasad, managing director and co-head of Kotak Institutional Equities. “Outflows, especially from the secondary market, have been pretty high in the past two days.”
While the Fed’s steeper-than-expected rate cut last month would have normally resulted in inflows to emerging markets, Beijing’s monetary and fiscal stimuli have encouraged flows to China at the cost of nations like India, said Andrew Holland, chief executive of Avendus Capital Public Markets Alternate Strategies.
Also, stronger crude results in India importing inflation, which weakens the rupee, and consequently dollar returns for foreign investors, he added.
“Hot money outflows are likely from India to China in the short-term, but domestic money can absorb the selling over time,” said A. Balasubramanian, MD and CEO of Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC.
Rising crude, analysts fear, could force the Reserve Bank of India to hold its key policy rate—at which RBI lends to banks—longer than expected, even as the US Federal Reserve looks set to cut its interest rates by another 50 basis points this year.
Crude oil has risen by 5% since Tuesday, when Iran launched 180 ballistic missiles at Israel. On Thursday noon, crude was at $75.5 per barrel on fears that Israel might strike Iranian oil and gas rigs in retaliation as the country takes its battle beyond Palestine and the militant group Hamas.
While China’s plan for a trillion-dollar stimulus this year to prevent a long-drawn slowdown has resulted in the diversion of fund flows from emerging markets like India, the escalation of tensions in West Asia this week could prevent RBI from following the Fed’s example of cutting rates to spur growth in December, said experts.
Also read | Food or Fed: What will RBI choose in October?
Net outflows by foreign portfolio investors (FPI) from India have totalled ₹11,635.42 crore so far in October, per depository data. Had it not been for their ₹3,395 crore investments in primary markets over the two days (2 October was a market holiday on account of Gandhi Jayanti), the sell figure would have been higher, the data show. In the calendar year so far, FPI net investment stands at ₹88,975 crore.
“The MPC (Monetary Policy Committee), which was expected to cut the repo rate at its December meeting, would wait to see the impact of inflation, which will increase in the event of a full-blown Israel-Iran conflict,” said Holland of Avendus Capital.
MPC meets on 7-9 October and 4-6 December this year.
Rohit Srivastava, founder of IndiaCharts, said FII unwinding of long positions exacerbated Thursday's market fall.
FIIs slashed their bullish index futures and index option bets (Nifty and Bank Nifty contracts) by 155,462 contracts and 182,794 contracts to 162,855 and 448,802 contracts, respectively, on Thursday, per NSE data.
To close out a bullish or long position, one has to sell it . On index futures itself FIIs net sold ₹10,635 crore worth of contracts on Thursday.
The FII selling coincides with high valuations in India, especially of the broader markets than large caps. While Nifty trades at a price-to-earnings multiple of 25.23 times versus its historical average of 24.76 times, Nifty Midcap 150 trades at 47.5 times (verses its historical average of 36.15 times) and Nifty Smallcap 250 at 35.9 times (versus 28.79 times).
